Test of sodium boiling in a single tube-in- shell heat exchanger over the range 1720 deg to 1980 deg F /1211 to 1355 K/

Bimetallic heat exchanger tube performance in sodium boiling facilit

Brief studies of turbojet combustor and fuel-system operation with hydrogen fuel at -400 deg f

Turbojet combustor and fuel system operation with hydrogen fuel at -400 deg

Perception, Expression and Management of the Pain of Childbirth

In order to be a competent nurse on an American labor and delivery unit it is important to have an understanding of the pain of childbirth. This includes a thorough understanding of pain as a sensation and its manifestation during the birthing experience. An understanding of pain is useless, however, unless standardized pain assessment practices are used. The most accurate pain assessment is associated with a general understanding of cultural trends in pain perception and expression. Along with culture, other factors also influence how a woman senses and copes with the pain of labor. Anxiety is one of these influential elements and has a profound impact on the childbirth experience, which is why a well-rounded labor and delivery nurse has a diverse database of interventions for the stresses and discomforts of childbirth. This would include many of the increasingly popular alternative pain management methods. However, since pharmacological analgesics are the most frequently requested pain interventions in American labor and delivery units, nurses must thoroughly understand the method of action and potential complications of each of these medications as well

Quenching of lamellar ordering in an n-alkane embedded in nanopores

We present an X-ray diffraction study of the normale alkane nonadecane C_{19}H_{40} embedded in nanoporous Vycor glass. The confined molecular crystal accomplishes a close-packed structure by alignment of the rod-like molecules parallel to the pore axis while sacrificing one basic principle known from the bulk state, i.e. the lamellar ordering of the molecules. Despite this disorder, the phase transitions observed in the confined solid mimic the phase behavior of the 3D unconfined crystal, though enriched by the appearance of a true rotator phase known only from longer alkane chains.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

Lack of Effect of Metyrapone and Exogenous Cortisol on Early Porcine Conceptus Development

In many species, including swine, fetal plasma glucocorticoids such as cortisol increase as term approaches and are responsible for final maturational changes in numerous tissues (e.g. Silver, 1990; Sangild et al. 1993, 1994; Fowden et al. 1995). On the contrary, excessive exposure to glucocorticoids during gestationmay cause intra-uterine growth retardation, developmental abnormalities or death, or lead to increased incidence of certain diseases during adult life (Blackburn et al. 1965; Reinisch et al. 1978; Seckl et al. 2000). Hence, one might speculate that a closely regulated glucocorticoid exposure is necessary throughout gestation to ensure appropriate development and survival (Klemcke et al. 1999). We have previously demonstrated in pregnant and cyclic pigs that intra-uterine cortisol increases 4- to 6.7-fold between days 10 and 19 of pregnancy (Klemcke et al. 1998). At this time (days 10–19) in conceptus (embryo plus associated extra-embryonic membranes) development, the blastocyst is undergoing quite dramatic changes (Marrable, 1971; Anderson, 1978; Anderson et al. 1993). Part of this development involves the allantois, which rapidly expands between days 18 and 30 owing to water accumulation (Bazer et al. 1981) that might in part result from Na+,K+-ATPase-generated water movement (Macknight & Leaf, 1977). Corticosteroids are known to regulate Na+,K+-ATPase in various tissues (e.g. Verrey et al. 1996)

Lack of Effect of Metyrapone and Exogenous Cortisol on Early Porcine Conceptus Development

In many species, including swine, fetal plasma glucocorticoids such as cortisol increase as term approaches and are responsible for final maturational changes in numerous tissues (e.g. Silver, 1990; Sangild et al. 1993, 1994; Fowden et al. 1995). On the contrary, excessive exposure to glucocorticoids during gestationmay cause intra-uterine growth retardation, developmental abnormalities or death, or lead to increased incidence of certain diseases during adult life (Blackburn et al. 1965; Reinisch et al. 1978; Seckl et al. 2000). Hence, one might speculate that a closely regulated glucocorticoid exposure is necessary throughout gestation to ensure appropriate development and survival (Klemcke et al. 1999). We have previously demonstrated in pregnant and cyclic pigs that intra-uterine cortisol increases 4- to 6.7-fold between days 10 and 19 of pregnancy (Klemcke et al. 1998). At this time (days 10–19) in conceptus (embryo plus associated extra-embryonic membranes) development, the blastocyst is undergoing quite dramatic changes (Marrable, 1971; Anderson, 1978; Anderson et al. 1993). Part of this development involves the allantois, which rapidly expands between days 18 and 30 owing to water accumulation (Bazer et al. 1981) that might in part result from Na+,K+-ATPase-generated water movement (Macknight & Leaf, 1977). Corticosteroids are known to regulate Na+,K+-ATPase in various tissues (e.g. Verrey et al. 1996)

Hoppkräftor (Copepoda) som föda till djur och människor

Hoppkräftor (copepoda) används som föda till vattenlevande djur och har många användningsområden i naturen. De bidrar till miljönytta med sitt levnadssätt, födointag och näringsåtervinning. De är zooplankton som lever i sött, bräckt och salt vatten över hela jorden. Copepoder bidrar bland annat till en ökad överlevnadsgrad och snabbare tillväxt hos fisken på grund av omega 3 fettsyror och deras balanserade aminosyraprofil. En jämförelse av copepoders näringsinnehåll mot soja och insekter kan utröna om de är ett bra fodermedel för omnivora arter. Copepoder innehåller kitiner i sitt skal och den marina oljan som finns i copepoder är förestrad med långa kedjor av vaxestrar och fettalkoholer. Vaxestrar och kitin innehåller mycket näring och är svårt för landlevande djur som omnivorer att bryta ner. Sojan och copepoder innehåller lika mycket svavelbaserade aminosyror. Jod, mangan, zink och koppar finns det mycket av i copepoder och dessa har många viktiga funktioner i alla djur. Det är de yngsta djuren i varje kategori (gris, människa och fjäderfä) som har behov av störst koncentration aminosyror, vitaminer och mineraler förutom kalcium, där den värpande hönan har störst behov. Copepoder kan konkurrera med insekter och soja i närings- och aminosyra- innehåll, därför bör problemen med nedbrytning och utvinning ur vattnet lösas för att en produktion ska kunna komma igång till omnivora arter.The zooplankton copepod lives in fresh, salt and brackish water all around the world. Because of their short lives of one year these tiny crustacean has many uses in nature. They are food for marine animals, nutrient recyclers and converts energy in the food chain. They contribute to fish-aquaculture with better survival, growth and counter malformation, which depends on their richness of omega 3 fatty acids and their balanced amino acid profile. A comparison with soybean and insects will tell us if copepods can be used as feed for omnivorous species. Copepods got chitin in their shell and their fatty acids are bound in the form of wax esters and fatty alcohols, which contain a lot of nutrients. The wax esters and chitin are hard for land living omnivorous animals to digest. The soy and the copepods contain equal amounts of sulphur-based amino acids. Iodine, manganese, zinc and copper are common nutrients in copepods witch can contribute to many important functions in the animals body. In the omnivorous species pigs, poultry and humans the youngest requires the highest concentration of nutrients, besides laying hens requirement for calcium. The copepods can compete with insects and soy in nutrient and amino acid content. If a more complete digestion of wax esters and chitin could be derived, copepods would be an excellent feed for omnivorous species

Probing scalar particle and unparticle couplings in e+ e- -> t tbar with transversely polarized beams

In searching for indications of new physics scalar particle and unparticle couplings in e^+ e^- \to t\bar t, we consider the role of transversely polarized initial beams at e^+ e^- colliders. By using a general relativistic spin density matrix formalism for describing the particles spin states, we find analytical expressions for the squared amplitude of the process with t or \bar t polarization measured, including the anomalous coupling contributions. Thanks to the transversely polarized initial beams these contributions are first order anomalous coupling corrections to the Standard Model (SM) contributions. We present and analyse the main features of the SM and anomalous coupling contributions. We show how differences between SM and anomalous coupling contributions provide means to search for anomalous coupling manifestations at future e^+ e^- linear colliders.Comment: 28 pages in LaTeX, including 7 encapsulated PostScript figures, published versio